{"id":7686,"date":"2019-11-13T16:54:44","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T15:54:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-data-germany.org\/linked-open-data-and-artificial-intelligence\/"},"modified":"2024-02-20T16:37:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T15:37:19","slug":"linked-open-data-and-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/open-data-germany.org\/en\/linked-open-data-and-artificial-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Linked Open Data and Artificial Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"

The perfect match?<\/h2><\/span>
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Artificial intelligence – what is that actually?<\/h3><\/span>
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The topic of Linked Open Data (LOD) is often mentioned in connection with the term Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/strong>. AI is to be understood as a generic term used to describe different automated computational methods such as Machine Learning (ML). It is true that machine readable data in the form of Linked Open Data and Machine Learning are directly related.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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The goal is to recognize patterns in data with machine assistance and to derive predictions on this basis. In the case of image recognition, this would exempflify the automatic differentiation of dogs and cats on the basis of calculation models (algorithms). The machine learns on the basis of examples (training data): The more pictures of a dog and or cat the machine processes and the more errors are corrected (training of the algorithm) the better the calculation model becomes.<\/p>\n

The basis of machine learning is therefore the training of algorithms<\/strong> with training data. Such algorithms also develop themselves further after a few rounds of training, which is why one can speak of a supposed “intelligence”. The training data for these algorithms can now exist in different forms. As soon as the data are all labeled with a consistent “language” or “ontology” (such as schema.org), one speaks of structured data.<\/p>\n

They are interoperable and can usually be interpreted particularly well by machines. The description of data as well as its free provision is thus a tool for artificial intelligence. It can build on such a database, since the description language is also readable and interpretable by machines.<\/p><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Machine Learning Process<\/h3><\/span>
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Linked Open Data and Digital Assistants<\/h3><\/span>
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As a basic application for Linked Open Data and Artificial Intelligence, we often talk about digital or smart assistants<\/strong>. These are systems that can answer individualised queries and provide personalised recommendations to guests. The vision is that in the near future these assistance systems will be available to travelers as advisors or coaches.<\/p>\n

For this to work well, data from different sources must be available and correlated using AI algorithms.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Within the study “On the road with smart assistants”, two types of data are differentiated:<\/p>\n

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  1. Data for guests:<\/strong> This is all data that is also discussed in the context of Linked Open Data. So POIs, events, hotels, gastronomy etc.<\/li>\n
  2. Data about guests:<\/strong> This type of data is particularly user data and therefore personal data. These are not discussed in Linked Open Data due to privacy policies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    For guest data<\/strong>, a further distinction can be made between static data (POIs, hotel master data, etc.) and dynamic data (events, weather, traffic situation, hotel availability and prices, etc.). On the one hand, data about guests<\/strong> can be used to create user profiles about their preferences and behaviour. On the other hand, the aggregation of user data offers great potential for forecasting occupancy rates, visitor flows as well as many other scenarios that are important for digital assistants to be able to make predictions about occupancy rates etc. and to pass these on to guests in a personalised way.<\/p><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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    Data in Connection with the Guest<\/h3><\/span>
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    The combination of data offers great potential for linking analogue and digital worlds of experience. In addition to the data, this requires in particular an interface between the guest and the destination as well as an infrastructure that enables the exchange of data (see figure).<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    Digital Infrastructure of Smart Destinations<\/h3><\/span>
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    On such a database with digital infrastructure<\/strong>, applications with functions such as automated access control (e.g. at festivals), cashless payment (e.g. in amusement parks), navigation aids of any kind (e.g. in ski resorts) or all conceivable information transfers (e.g. on cruise ships) can be realized in real time.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    DMOs as Digital Platforms<\/h3><\/span>
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    The combination of data for guests in<\/strong> the form of Linked Open Data with data about guests<\/strong> in the form of user profiles enables DMOs to become a digital platform themselves. At destination level, digital guest cards<\/strong> seem to be particularly promising in this context. However, the concept of a guest card should be thought of much more broadly.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    Wearables as a Digital Guest Card<\/h3><\/span>
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    On the one hand, a digital guest card is the entity that can collect user data (with consent). On the other hand, open data on all relevant touchpoints within the destination is available and can be displayed to guests via a complementary app on the map. The physical element of the card or in the form of a wearable is the enabler to get access to real offers (see figure).<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    The Digital Guest Card as a Control Element of the DMO<\/h3><\/span>
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    In the long run, models can be developed with the support of artificial intelligence that guide the behavior of users into a certain direction. This targeted influencing of behaviour can be very well combined with aspects of sustainability<\/strong> if a certain (sustainable) behaviour is rewarded. The guest receives a nudge<\/strong> in a certain direction.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    Data Management in the Age of Artificial Intelligence<\/h3><\/span>
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    The processing of data is therefore highly relevant, especially against the background of machine learning. It is important to understand that it is primarily a matter of defining a consistent markup language<\/strong> and not a uniform platform for publishing the data. Because the goal of Linked Open Data is exactly that: the independence from a specific system.<\/p>\n

    By combining the data via a common standard, the database is more than the sum of its parts. So data does not have to be held centrally, but it has to be labelled consistently. This is the only way to enable independence from third-party providers (platforms) such as Google or Booking.com, as open data can be used by everyone.<\/p>\n

    In order to enable the widespread use of data, it is vital that DMOs educate their service providers and other tourism stakeholders within the region and explain the relevance of modern data management<\/strong>. It is up to each destination to decide which data should be made publicly available. In the end, it is the individual digital strategy and the underlying business models that are decisive.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    Links and Sources<\/h3><\/span>
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